Friday, April 21, 2017

SPC Apr 21, 2017 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook

SPC 1300Z Day 1 Outlook
Day 1 Outlook Image
Day 1 Convective Outlook  
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0753 AM CDT Fri Apr 21 2017

Valid 211300Z - 221200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
SOUTH-CENTRAL/SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTH-CENTRAL/NORTHEAST
TEXAS...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ELSEWHERE FROM
WESTERN OKLAHOMA TO NORTH TEXAS AND CENTRAL ARKANSAS...

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
SLIGHT RISK...AND EXTENDING ACROSS THE MID-SOUTH TO PARTS OF THE
COASTAL MID-ATLANTIC...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms may offer damaging gusts, large hail and a few
tornadoes through tonight from parts of the southern Plains into the
Ozark Plateau.  Isolated severe thunderstorms may also impact
portions of the Mid-South into the Mid-Atlantic with wind and hail.

...Synopsis...
The mid/upper levels will be characterized by a complex pattern,
involving split flow downstream from a negatively tilted trough now
located over the Rockies.  A leading/northern-stream perturbation --
now evident in moisture-channel imagery over the upper Great Lakes
and northern ON -- is forecast to migrate eastward to QC through the
period, with a trailing trough back southwestward over OH at 12Z. 
Upstream shortwave ridging over the northern Plains will form a
temporarily closed 500-mb high over the Dakotas, as a segment of the
Rockies trough undercuts it and moves across the central Plains. 
Late in the period, that high will devolve back to a shortwave ridge
and begin to phase with progressive ridging over the Great Basin and
northern Rockies.  Meanwhile another vorticity max over the northern
Rockies should dig southeastward.

The net result of all this height and vorticity rearrangement, by
the end of the period, should be a small mid/upper-level cyclone
moving from southern KS to southern/western MO, with a trough
west-northwestward across KS to a secondary low/vorticity max over
northern CO and southern WY.  The nose of a cyclonically curved,
110-120-kt 250-mb jet streak will shift eastward across the southern
High Plains and western OK by 00Z.  By 12Z, that jet streak will
arch from the lower Ohio Valley across OK to CO and western WY.

At the surface, a cold front associated with the Great Lakes trough
extended from northern/western PA southwestward across eastern KY
and western TN, becoming a stationary to slowly moving warm front
fro central AR across extreme southern OK, through a weak
frontal-wave low near FDR, and another low near the southeastern
corner of NM.  This front will be reinforced by outflow from
convection that will sweep east-southeastward across OK this morning
into afternoon, as discussed below.  Late this afternoon, a
frontal-wave low should form over eastern OK, moving to parts of
central/northeastern AR by 12Z with the front trailing across east
TX, south-central TX, and the Big Bend region.  The front will
intersect a dryline this afternoon over the Big Country region of
west-central TX, then overtake the dryline as it plunges southward
through the Edwards Plateau overnight.

...Southern Plains to AR...
An organizing, initially elevated MCS -- moving east-southeastward
from the TX Panhandle over western OK -- will present a risk for
large hail this morning.  Also, an increasing threat for severe
gusts is expected as the forward-propagational cold pool gets better
organized and approaches progressively higher-theta-e, less-stable
air nearer to the front.  See SPC watch 153 and related mesoscale
discussions for near-term details.  Also, clusters of thunderstorms
with isolated, embedded severe hail cores and gusts approaching
severe limits are ongoing over parts of central OK and western AR,
and will continue to offer a threat for sporadic severe while
shifting eastward through the remainder of the morning.

With time, the MCS will progress further across central and eastern
OK, becoming closer to surface-based as it encounters destabilizing
air near the surface.  Additional thunderstorms are expected to
develop this afternoon over southern OK and north-central TX near
the Red River, along the effective, cold-pool-augmented frontal
surge extending southwest from the complex.  The environment into
which this activity will move will be favorable for all severe
threats from supercells, bows and clustered modes.

The environment along and south of the frontal zone will be
characterized by strengthening vertical shear and large-scale
ascent, as well as pockets of diabatic heating amidst surface dew
points in the 60s F.  This will contribute to a very favorable
parameter space for supercells and at least a few tornadoes, with
large low-level hodographs, effective SRH 200-500 J/kg,
effective-shear magnitudes 60-65 kt, and MLCAPE around 2000 J/kg. 
Any relatively discrete and sustained supercell impinging on that
sort of parameter space could produce a significant tornado as well
as very large/damaging hail.  However, the significant-tornado risk
still remains too conditional and uncertain for an areal sig-tornado
outlook due to concerns over:
1.  The surging cold front/outflow and its potential interaction
with/undercutting of storms, and
2.  Potential for convective mode to get rather clustered and messy
near the front, even without direct undercutting of updrafts by the
cold surge itself.
The severe potential should wane after about 06Z as the regime
becomes more anafrontal and the remaining convection encounters a
stabilizing boundary layer.

...Mid-South to Mid-Atlantic...
Widely scattered to scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
this afternoon near the front, with more isolated coverage in the
warm sector.  Activity should develop and intensify in a modestly
capped, destabilizing air mass characterized by surface dew points
generally in the mid 50s to low 60s (locally higher), offsetting
weak mid/upper-level lapse rates enough for 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE. 
Pockets of relatively sustained surface diabatic heating and
well-mixed subcloud layers will favor strong/isolated damaging
downdrafts.  Weak near-surface winds with a substantial westerly
component will restrict low-level shear; however, sufficient flow
aloft should exist for around 30-40 kt effective-shear magnitudes in
some areas, in support of multicellular to marginally/briefly
supercellular organization.  As such, a few severe hail reports also
cannot be ruled out.

..Edwards/Dean.. 04/21/2017

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